Ocean of Faith: routes, readings and dates

Claim: What can be shown, and what is believed?

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: Christianity as history and as living faith: the texts, the evidence, the institutions, and the line between what can be established and what is held.

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: What can be shown

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: Start with the evidence and follow it until it runs out, which it does, in a specific place.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

A description of the route’s design, not a claim about the sources.

Claim 4 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: The man himself

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: What can be established about one first-century Galilean,

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Is rewritten Bible/Scripture the solution to the Synoptic Problem?p. 6, dating tables

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: 30 CE Jesus in Galilee

  Both schemes Malan tabulates place Jesus’s activity in Galilee in the decades up to 30 CE.

• Supports · English, tr. Church and Brodribb

  The Annals, Book 15, chapter 44Annals 15.44

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus

Claim 6 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: and where the establishing stops.

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: Where the book came from

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: Four Gospels that never name their writers,

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  Luke 1, World English BibleMatthew 1-28, Mark 1-16, Luke 1-24 and John 1-21, WEB (eBible.org), all 89 chapters, searched for "write", "wrote", "written" and "writing"

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The only places a Gospel speaks of its own writing are Luke 1:3 and John 21:24. Neither gives a name. Cited as Luke 1 because the other chapters are not in the evidence list.

• Supports · WEB

  Luke 1, World English BibleLuke 1:3

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write to you in order, most excellent Theophilus;

• Supports · WEB

  John 21, World English BibleJohn 21:20, 24

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: This is the disciple who testifies about these things, and wrote these things.

Claim 9 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: a canon no single council chose,

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (NPNF)

  Letter 39, for 367: the Festal Letter listing the canonical booksheading and section 5

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: (For 367.) ... These are, the four Gospels , according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

  The earliest list of the twenty-seven is a bishop’s letter, not a council’s decree.

• Supports · English (NPNF)

  The Code of Canons of the African Church, canon 24: the canonical Scripturescanon 24

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: for these are the things which we have received from our fathers to be read in church.

  The African councils enacted a list, and say they were receiving it.

Claim 10 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: and a text you can check against a fourth-century page.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Codex Sinaiticus: the manuscriptAbout Codex Sinaiticus, first page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Codex Sinaiticus, a manuscript of the Christian Bible written in the middle of the fourth century, contains the earliest complete copy of the Christian New Testament.

• Supports

  Codex Sinaiticus: the history of the manuscript and of the projectproject overview (/en/project/), read with the history page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Images of every leaf were taken under evenly distributed ('standard') lighting ... The website is the main medium for making Codex Sinaiticus accessible.

Claim 11 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: How it became an institution

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: From an illegal association in one province to an empire, a creed and, eventually, several churches.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

A summary of the route’s arc, from Pliny’s province to Nicaea, the papacy and the separated churches.

• Context · English (Internet History Sourcebooks)

  Pliny on the Christians: Letters 10.96 and 10.97, in EnglishLetters 10.96

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Even this, they affirmed, they had ceased to do after my edict by which, in accordance with your instructions, I had forbidden political associations.

Claim 13 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: What it did

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: The record of an institution with power, in the order the documents allow,

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

A description of the route’s design.

Claim 15 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: including the parts it commissioned itself.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  The Nature and Scope of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests and Deacons in the United States, 1950-2002inside front cover

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The Charter created a National Review Board, which was assigned responsibility to commission a descriptive study

Claim 16 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: The questions that do not close

Kind

Framing. Signposting. It asserts nothing a source could check.

Claim: Where history stops being the right instrument, and says so rather than guessing.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

The page’s own account of what the route is for.

Claim 18 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: The Greek gynaikes covers both women and wives.

Kind

About a word. What a word in the original language means, or how it is translated.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

The marks on the King James and Young’s renderings were moved from "your women" to "women" for the same reason.

• Supports · English (LSJ)

  gyne, in A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell, Scott and Jones)γυνή, I and II

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: woman, opp. man, Il.15.683 , etc. ... II. wife, spouse, Il.6.160

• Supports · Greek (SBLGNT, with its apparatus)

  1 Corinthians 14, SBL Greek New Testament1 Corinthians 14:34

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Αἱ ⸀γυναῖκες ‡ γυναῖκες WH Treg NA28 ] + ὑμῶν RP ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις σιγάτωσαν,

  The apparatus records that the Robinson-Pierpont text adds ὑμῶν, "your".

Claim 66 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: One of these is a rule about half a congregation. The other is a rule about a marriage.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

Verse 35’s "their own husbands" is what a reading of wives leans on.

• Context · WEB

  1 Corinthians 14:34, World English Bible1 Corinthians 14:35

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Let them ask their own husbands at home, for it is shameful for a wife to be talking in the assembly.

Claim 67 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also saith the law.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · KJV

  1 Corinthians 14:34, King James Versionverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also saith the law.

Claim 68 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Your women in the assemblies let them be silent, for it hath not been permitted to them to speak, but to be subject, as also the law saith;

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · YLT

  1 Corinthians 14:34, Young's Literal Translationverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Your women in the assemblies let them be silent, for it hath not been permitted to them to speak, but to be subject, as also the law saith;

Claim 69 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: let the women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but let them be in subjection, as also saith the law.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · ASV

  1 Corinthians 14:34, American Standard Versionverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: let the women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but let them be in subjection, as also saith the law.

Claim 70 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Let the wives be quiet in the assemblies, for it has not been permitted for them to be talking except in submission, as the law also says,

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  1 Corinthians 14:34, World English Bibleverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Let the wives be quiet in the assemblies, for it has not been permitted for them to be talking except in submission, as the law also says,

Claim 71 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: One person, greeted once.

Kind

Describes a Bible passage. What a biblical passage says, in this page’s words. A fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  Romans 16:7, World English BibleRomans 16:7; the WEB New Testament, all 260 chapters, searched for "Junia"

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Greet Andronicus and Junia, my relatives and my fellow prisoners, who are notable among the apostles, who were also in Christ before me.

  The name occurs once in the New Testament.

Claim 72 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Surviving Greek usage attests the woman’s name, Junia.

Kind

What scholars argue. A report of what specialists argue, or where they disagree.

Review

Partly checked. Only part of the source could be read. What was not read is listed.

• Supports

  A Re-examination of Romans 16.7 in Light of Primary Source Materialsabstract

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Abstract only, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: an examination of primary usage in the computer databases of Hellenistic Greek literary works, papyri, inscriptions, and artifacts confirms the feminine Ιουνια

• Qualifies

  Junia, a Woman Lost in Translation: the name IOYNIAN in Romans 16:7 and its history of interpretationabstract

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Abstract only, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: a form whose grammatical gender could be either feminine or masculine

  The written form alone is ambiguous; usage and accent decide it.

Claim 73 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: From the nineteenth century the man, Junias, displaced her, on the hypothesis that the name was a shortened one.

Kind

What scholars argue. A report of what specialists argue, or where they disagree.

Review

Partly checked. Only part of the source could be read. What was not read is listed.

• Supports

  Junia, a Woman Lost in Translation: the name IOYNIAN in Romans 16:7 and its history of interpretationabstract

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Abstract only, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: the disappearance of Junia from the text and from scholarly discussion due to the impact of the short-from hypothesis in the nineteenth century

• Supports

  A Re-examination of Romans 16.7 in Light of Primary Source Materialsabstract

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Abstract only, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: the masculine circumflex of the Erwin Nestle and United Bible Societies' Greek editions from 1927 to 2001 and the masculine Junias in translations from the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s show.

• Context · YLT

  Romans 16:7, Young's Literal TranslationRomans 16:7

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: salute Andronicus and Junias, my kindred,

  Young’s, 1862, already prints the man.

Claim 74 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · KJV

  Romans 16:7, King James Versionverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.

Claim 75 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: salute Andronicus and Junias, my kindred, and my fellow-captives, who are of note among the apostles, who also have been in Christ before me.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · YLT

  Romans 16:7, Young's Literal Translationverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: salute Andronicus and Junias, my kindred, and my fellow-captives, who are of note among the apostles, who also have been in Christ before me.

Claim 76 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Salute Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also have been in Christ before me.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · ASV

  Romans 16:7, American Standard Versionverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Salute Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also have been in Christ before me.

Claim 77 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Greet Andronicus and Junia, my relatives and my fellow prisoners, who are notable among the apostles, who were also in Christ before me.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  Romans 16:7, World English Bibleverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Greet Andronicus and Junia, my relatives and my fellow prisoners, who are notable among the apostles, who were also in Christ before me.

Claim 78 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Here they agree,

Kind

About a word. What a word in the original language means, or how it is translated.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · KJV

  Colossians 3:22, King James VersionColossians 3:22

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Servants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh;

• Supports · YLT

  Colossians 3:22, Young's Literal TranslationColossians 3:22

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The servants! obey in all things those who are masters according to the flesh,

• Supports · ASV

  Colossians 3:22, American Standard VersionColossians 3:22

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Servants, obey in all things them that are your masters according to the flesh;

• Supports · WEB

  Colossians 3:22, World English BibleColossians 3:22

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Servants, obey in all things those who are your masters according to the flesh,

Claim 79 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: which is the more interesting result.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

Agreement across four centuries is itself a decision, which the next sentence explains.

Claim 80 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: The word is douloi, the ordinary Greek word for slaves,

Kind

About a word. What a word in the original language means, or how it is translated.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · Greek (SBLGNT)

  Colossians 3, SBL Greek New TestamentColossians 3:22

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: οἱ δοῦλοι, ὑπακούετε κατὰ πάντα τοῖς κατὰ σάρκα κυρίοις,

• Supports · English (LSJ)

  doulos, in A Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell, Scott and Jones)δοῦλος (A), I

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: born bondman or slave, opp. one made a slave ... then, generally, bondman, slave

Claim 81 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: and four centuries of English print servants without a footnote between them.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · KJV

  Colossians 3:22, King James VersionColossians 3, the whole eBible page with its notes

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  No footnote on the page.

• Supports · YLT

  Colossians 3:22, Young's Literal TranslationColossians 3, the whole eBible page with its notes

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  No footnote on the page.

• Supports · ASV

  Colossians 3:22, American Standard VersionColossians 3, the whole eBible page with its notes

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  No footnote on the page.

• Supports · WEB

  Colossians 3:22, World English BibleColossians 3, the whole eBible page with its notes

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  No footnote on the page.

Claim 82 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: One modern preface defends a range of renderings, from slave to servant, because the word covered a range of relationships.

Kind

What scholars argue. A report of what specialists argue, or where they disagree.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Preface to the English Standard Version: translation philosophyTranslation Philosophy

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: These terms, however, actually cover a range of relationships that requires a range of renderings–“slave,” “bondservant,” or “servant”–depending on the context.

  The preface’s dashes are em dashes, recorded as en dashes.

Claim 83 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Servants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh; not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but in singleness of heart, fearing God:

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · KJV

  Colossians 3:22, King James Versionverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Servants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh; not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but in singleness of heart, fearing God:

Claim 84 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: The servants! obey in all things those who are masters according to the flesh, not in eye-service as men-pleasers, but in simplicity of heart, fearing God;

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · YLT

  Colossians 3:22, Young's Literal Translationverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The servants! obey in all things those who are masters according to the flesh, not in eye-service as men-pleasers, but in simplicity of heart, fearing God;

Claim 85 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Servants, obey in all things them that are your masters according to the flesh; not with eye-service, as men-pleasers, but in singleness of heart, fearing the Lord:

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · ASV

  Colossians 3:22, American Standard Versionverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Servants, obey in all things them that are your masters according to the flesh; not with eye-service, as men-pleasers, but in singleness of heart, fearing the Lord:

Claim 86 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Servants, obey in all things those who are your masters according to the flesh, not just when they are looking, as men pleasers, but in singleness of heart, fearing God.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  Colossians 3:22, World English Bibleverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Servants, obey in all things those who are your masters according to the flesh, not just when they are looking, as men pleasers, but in singleness of heart, fearing God.

Claim 87 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: A deadline or a description, depending on one word.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

Genea read as "generation" sets a time; read as "people" or "race" it describes who will last. The generation page argues the choice.

Claim 88 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Only one of the four admits that a choice was made, and it does it in a footnote.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  Mark 13:30, World English BibleMark 13:30, footnote

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The word translated “generation” (genea) could also be translated “race”, “family”, or “people”.

• Supports · KJV

  Mark 13:30, King James VersionMark 13, the whole eBible page with its notes

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  No footnote.

• Supports · YLT

  Mark 13:30, Young's Literal TranslationMark 13, the whole eBible page with its notes

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  No footnote.

• Supports · ASV

  Mark 13:30, American Standard VersionMark 13, the whole eBible page with its notes

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  No footnote.

Claim 89 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Verily I say unto you, that this generation shall not pass, till all these things be done.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · KJV

  Mark 13:30, King James Versionverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Verily I say unto you, that this generation shall not pass, till all these things be done.

Claim 90 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Verily I say to you, that this generation may not pass away till all these things may come to pass;

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · YLT

  Mark 13:30, Young's Literal Translationverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Verily I say to you, that this generation may not pass away till all these things may come to pass;

Claim 91 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away, until all these things be accomplished.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · ASV

  Mark 13:30, American Standard Versionverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away, until all these things be accomplished.

Claim 92 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Most certainly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things happen.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  Mark 13:30, World English Bibleverse as printed on the linked eBible page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Most certainly I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things happen.

Claim 93 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: The word translated “generation” (genea) could also be translated “race”, “family”, or “people”.

Kind

Quotes a source. The words of a named text, checked against the source.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  Mark 13:30, World English BibleMark 13:30, footnote

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The word translated “generation” (genea) could also be translated “race”, “family”, or “people”.

Claim 94 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 3rd century BC to 1st century AD: The Qumran scrolls are copied, more than a thousand years before the oldest biblical manuscripts previously known.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  The Dead Sea Scrolls: an introduction to the biblical and non-biblical manuscriptsIntroduction, Qumran Caves Scrolls

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Scroll dates range from the third century bce (mid–Second Temple period) to the first century of the Common Era

• Supports

  The Dead Sea Scrolls: an introduction to the biblical and non-biblical manuscriptsIntroduction, Biblical Manuscripts

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: the Qumran Scrolls are over a thousand years older than previously identified biblical manuscripts.

Claim 19 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Between 26 and 36: Jesus is crucified under Pontius Pilate, prefect of Judea in those years.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  The trial of Jesus before Pilate and the politics of representation in Mark 15p. 2

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Pontius Pilate, the prefect of Judea from 26 to 36 CE, operated within this structure

• Supports · WEB

  Mark 15, World English BibleMark 15:15

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Pilate, wishing to please the multitude, released Barabbas to them, and handed over Jesus, when he had flogged him, to be crucified.

• Supports · English, tr. Church and Brodribb

  The Annals, Book 15, chapter 44Annals 15.44

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus

• Context

  Christ’s violent crucifixion in Hebrew Scriptures and Synoptics: Its relevance to violence in South Africap. 1

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Calvary in 33 CE

  One of the page’s sources dates it to 33; none gives 30.

Claim 20 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 51

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Is rewritten Bible/Scripture the solution to the Synoptic Problem?p. 8

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Even in Paul’s earliest letter (1 Th 2:14–16), written around 51 CE

Claim 21 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Paul tells Thessalonica that "we who are alive" will be caught up to meet the Lord.

Kind

Quotes the Bible. The words of a biblical text, in the translation named. That the text says it is a fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  1 Thessalonians 4, World English Bible1 Thessalonians 4:15, 17

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will in no way precede those who have fallen asleep. ... then we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air.

Claim 22 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 55

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  The social construction of Paul’s apostolic leadership in Corinthp. 2

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: When Paul wrote our 1 Corinthians (ca. 55 AD)

Claim 23 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Paul writes to Corinth, passing on a list of appearances he says he received rather than composed.

Kind

Describes a Bible passage. What a biblical passage says, in this page’s words. A fact about the text, separate from whether an event happened.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  1 Corinthians 15, World English Bible1 Corinthians 15:3-8

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve.

Claim 24 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 69 to 100: Mark, Luke and Matthew are written, on Martin Hengel’s dating.

Kind

What scholars argue. A report of what specialists argue, or where they disagree.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Review of Martin Hengel, The Four Gospels and the One Gospel of Jesus ChristBlomberg, review (one web page)

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Hengel does believe the internal evidence points to a date of 69-70 for Mark, 75-85 for Luke and 90-100 for Matthew.

Claim 25 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: None of the four Gospels names its writer.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · WEB

  Luke 1, World English BibleMatthew 1-28, Mark 1-16, Luke 1-24 and John 1-21, WEB (eBible.org), all 89 chapters, searched for "write", "wrote", "written" and "writing"

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  Only Luke 1:3 and John 21:24 speak of their own writing, and neither gives a name.

• Supports · WEB

  Luke 1, World English BibleLuke 1:3

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write to you in order, most excellent Theophilus;

• Supports · WEB

  John 21, World English BibleJohn 21:24

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: This is the disciple who testifies about these things, and wrote these things.

Claim 26 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 96: A letter from the church at Rome tells the church at Corinth that the presbyters it deposed could not justly be removed.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (ANF)

  The Letter to the Corinthians, traditionally ascribed to Clement of Rome1 Clement 1, 44, 47

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The church of God which sojourns at Rome , to the church of God sojourning at Corinth ... cannot be justly dismissed from the ministry. ... But we see that you have removed some men of excellent behaviour from the ministry, which they fulfilled blamelessly and with honour. ... engage in sedition against its presbyters.

• Supports

  The Pope, in the Catholic Encyclopediasection II

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: In his "Epistle to the Corinthians" , written in 95 or 96,

Claim 27 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 100: The Didache tells congregations how to baptise, and what to do if the water is the wrong temperature.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (ANF)

  The Didache, or The Teaching of the Twelve Apostlesch. 7

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: But if you have not living water, baptize into other water; and if you can not in cold, in warm.

• Supports

  Didachesection on the date

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The commoner view is that which puts the Didache before 100.

Claim 28 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Estimates of its date run from before 70 to the fourth century.

Kind

What scholars argue. A report of what specialists argue, or where they disagree.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Didachesection on the date

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Sabatier, Minasi, Jacquier, and others have preferred a date even before 70.

• Supports

  Didachebibliography

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Dr. Bigg ( ibid ., VI, April, 1905) places the Didache in the fourth century.

Claim 29 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 112: Pliny asks Trajan what to do about Christians, and describes them singing to Christ as to a god.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · Latin

  Letters, Book 10, Letter 96: to the Emperor Trajan, concerning ChristiansLetters 10.96.7

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: quod essent soliti stato die ante lucem convenire , carmenque Christo quasi deo dicere secum invicem

• Supports · English (Internet History Sourcebooks)

  Pliny on the Christians: Letters 10.96 and 10.97, in Englishheadnote and Letters 10.96

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Pliny the Younger was governor of Pontus/Bithynia from 111-113 AD. ... It is my practice, my lord, to refer to you all matters concerning which I am in doubt.

Claim 30 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: After 110: Tacitus explains the name Christian to Roman readers, in a sentence about a fire.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (Church and Brodribb)

  The Annals, Book 15, chapter 44Annals 15.44

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: the conflagration was the result of an order. Consequently, to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty

• Supports · Spanish

  Reseña de: Williams, Margaret H., Early Classical Authors on Jesuspp. 249 to 250

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: «paganos» sobre Jesús en el siglo I y su escasez en el segundo ... Con buen criterio, Williams aborda los testimonios de forma cronológica.

  No pagan testimony in the first century; Williams takes Pliny (about 110) first, then Tacitus.

• Supports · Spanish

  Reseña de: Williams, Margaret H., Early Classical Authors on Jesusp. 250

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Plinio el Joven, envió a Trajano ca. 110 ... El capítulo 4 («Tacitus’s Testimony for ‘Jesus’: Authentic or Interpolated?»)

Claim 31 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 144: Marcion proposes cutting the Hebrew scriptures out of Christianity. The church refuses.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Marcionites, in the Catholic Encyclopediaopening paragraph

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: They rejected the writings of the Old Testament and taught that Christ was not the Son of the God of the Jews

• Supports

  Marcionites, in the Catholic Encyclopediaaccount of his career

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: His final breach with the Roman Church occurred in the autumn of 144

Claim 32 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 155: Justin describes a Sunday gathering to an emperor,

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (ANF)

  The First Apology, chapter 67: the weekly worship of the Christianschs 1 and 67

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: To the Emperor Titus Ælius Adrianus Antoninus Pius Augustus Cæsar ... And on the day called Sunday, all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place

• Supports

  St. Justin Martyrsection on the Apologies

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: From all of this we may conclude that the "Apology" was written somewhere between 153 and 155.

• Supports

  Catechism of the Catholic Church, the liturgical celebration of the Eucharist§ 1345

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: St. Justin wrote to the pagan emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161) around the year 155

Claim 33 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: in enough detail to be minutes.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

The page’s characterisation of chapter 67, which gives the meeting in order.

• Context · English (ANF)

  The First Apology, chapter 67: the weekly worship of the Christiansch. 67

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: then, when the reader has ceased, the president verbally instructs, and exhorts to the imitation of these good things. Then we all rise together and pray

Claim 34 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 160: Justin writes a dialogue with a Jew as with an outsider.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Deviance or acceptable difference: Observance of the Law in Romans 14–15 and Dialogue with Trypho 47p. 6

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: with Justin probably writing Dialogue around 160 CE whilst in Rome.

• Supports · English (ANF)

  Dialogue with Trypho, chapter 16Dialogue 16

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: was given for a sign; that you may be separated from other nations, and from us

Claim 35 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: Whatever the first century was, this is two things.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

• Supports

  Deviance or acceptable difference: Observance of the Law in Romans 14–15 and Dialogue with Trypho 47p. 6

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: separation of church and synagogue seems to be quite advanced

Claim 36 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 180: Irenaeus names all four Gospels and attaches each to a person.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (ANF)

  Against Heresies, Book 3, Chapter 1Against Heresies 3.1.1

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Matthew also issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect, while Peter and Paul were preaching at Rome , and laying the foundations of the Church . After their departure, Mark, the disciple and interpreter of Peter, did also hand down to us in writing what had been preached by Peter.

• Supports

  The Gospel of Matthew, John the elder and the Papias tradition: A response to R H Gundryp. 283

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The earliest unambiguous statement to this effect was made by Irenaeus around the year 180

Claim 37 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: c. 248: Origen tells a critic that Christians will not serve in the army, and fight for the emperor by praying instead.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (ANF, tr. Crombie)

  Against Celsus, Book 8, chapters 73 and 74Contra Celsum 8.73

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: And none fight better for the king than we do. We do not indeed fight under him, although he require it; but we fight on his behalf, forming a special army – an army of piety – by offering our prayers to God .

• Supports

  Origen and Origenismsections on his life

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Born in 185, Origen was barely seventeen ... He was over sixty when he wrote his "Contra Celsum"

Claim 38 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 313: Constantine and Licinius agree at Milan that Christians and everyone else may worship as they choose.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (ANF, tr. Fletcher)

  Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died, chapter 48: the text of the agreement at MilanOn the Deaths of the Persecutors 48

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: When we, Constantine and Licinius, emperors, had an interview at Milan ... it was proper that the Christians and all others should have liberty to follow that mode of religion which to each of them appeared best

• Supports

  Constantine the GreatConstantine and Christianity

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: In 313 Licinius and he issued at Milan the famous joint edict of tolerance .

Claim 39 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: By 324: Eusebius writes down which books are accepted, which are argued over, and which are out.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English, tr. McGiffert

  Church History, Book 3, Chapter 25: the divine scriptures that are accepted and those that are notChurch History 3.25.2-4

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: These then belong among the accepted writings. ... Among the disputed writings, ... Among the rejected writings

• Supports

  Prolegomena to the Church History of Eusebius: Date of its CompositionProlegomena, Date of its Composition

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: We are thus led to place the completion of the History in the year 324, or, to give the widest possible limits, between the latter part of 323 and the early part of 325 a.d.

• Qualifies

  Prolegomena to the Church History of Eusebius: Date of its CompositionProlegomena, Date of its Composition

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Lightfoot (following Westcott) supposes that the first nine books were completed not long after the edict of Milan

  Book 3 may be a decade older than the completed History.

Claim 40 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 325: Nicaea settles one word about the Son, and issues twenty canons, mostly about running an institution.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (NPNF, tr. Percival)

  The First Council of Nicaea: the creed and the twenty canonsThe Ecthesis

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: begotten ( γεννηθέντα ), not made, being of one substance ( ὁμοούσιον , consubstantialem) with the Father.

• Supports · English (NPNF, tr. Percival)

  The First Council of Nicaea: the creed and the twenty canonsCanons 1 to 20, read in full

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Canon 20 Forasmuch as there are certain persons who kneel on the Lord's Day and in the days of Pentecost

  The canons end at 20 and deal with ordination, clergy and money, the movement of clergy, penance and discipline.

• Supports

  First Council of Nicaea: its members and its surviving actsOpening and date

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The year 325 is accepted without hesitation as that of the First Council of Nicaea.

Claim 41 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: mid-4th century: Codex Sinaiticus is written. Its copy of Mark ends at chapter 16, verse 8.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Codex Sinaiticus: the manuscriptAbout Codex Sinaiticus, first page

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Codex Sinaiticus, a manuscript of the Christian Bible written in the middle of the fourth century

• Supports

  Pentecostal hermeneutical reconsideration of the longer ending of Mark 16:9–20p. 2

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The most important manuscripts end at 16:8, including the two most respected manuscripts (the 4th-century codex Sinaiticus

Claim 42 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 362: A letter preserved under Julian’s name orders hostels in every city, because no Jew ever has to beg and the Christians support "not only their own poor but ours as well".

Kind

Quotes a source. The words of a named text, checked against the source.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (Wright 1923)

  Letter 22, to Arsacius, high priest of GalatiaLetter 22, Wright’s heading

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: 22. To Arsacius, High-priest of Galatia [362, on his way to Antioch in June?]

• Supports · English (Wright 1923)

  Letter 22, to Arsacius, high priest of GalatiaLetter 22

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: In every city establish frequent hostels in order that strangers may profit by our benevolence

• Supports · English (Wright 1923)

  Letter 22, to Arsacius, high priest of GalatiaLetter 22

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: For it is disgraceful that, when no Jew ever has to beg, and the impious Galilaeans support not only their own poor but ours as well, all men see that our people lack aid from us.

• Qualifies · French

  Deux fausses lettres de Julien l’Apostat (la lettre aux Juifs, Ep. 51 [Wright], et la lettre à Arsacius, Ep. 84 [Bidez])abstract

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Abstract only, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: À notre avis elle trahit la main d'un chrétien de la première moitié du cinquième siècle.

  Van Nuffelen (2002) argues the letter is a fifth-century Christian forgery.

Claim 43 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 367: An Easter letter lists the twenty-seven books most New Testaments now contain.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Partly checked. Only part of the source could be read. What was not read is listed.

• Supports · English (NPNF)

  Letter 39, for 367: the Festal Letter listing the canonical booksheading and section 5

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: (For 367.) ... These are, the four Gospels , according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Afterwards, the Acts of the Apostles and Epistles (called Catholic ), seven, viz. of James, one; of Peter, two; of John, three; after these, one of Jude. In addition, there are fourteen Epistles of Paul ... And besides, the Revelation of John.

• Supports

  Canon Formation and Social Conflict in Fourth-Century Egypt: Athanasius of Alexandria’s Thirty-Ninth Festal Letterabstract

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Abstract only, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: the earliest extant Christian document to list precisely the twenty-seven books that eventually formed the generally accepted canon of the New Testament

Claim 44 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: It is the earliest surviving list of exactly those.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Partly checked. Only part of the source could be read. What was not read is listed.

• Supports

  Canon Formation and Social Conflict in Fourth-Century Egypt: Athanasius of Alexandria’s Thirty-Ninth Festal Letterabstract

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Abstract only, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Not only is this letter the earliest extant Christian document to list precisely the twenty-seven books that eventually formed the generally accepted canon of the New Testament

Claim 45 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 395: Jerome, defending himself, says he renders "sense for sense and not word for word", and in the same sentence exempts the holy scriptures.

Kind

Quotes a source. The words of a named text, checked against the source.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (NPNF)

  Letter 57, to Pammachius, on the best method of translatingheadnote and § 5

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Written to Pammachius (for whom see Letter LXVI.) in A.D. 395. ... For I myself not only admit but freely proclaim that in translating from the Greek (except in the case of the holy scriptures where even the order of the words is a mystery ) I render sense for sense and not word for word.

Claim 46 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 410 to 484: The church in Persia renounces subjection to Antioch and the western bishops, and a synod at Seleucia later affirms the Antiochene Christology.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Nestorius and Nestorianismsection on Persia

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: At this time the Church in Persia was autonomous, having renounced all subjection to Antioch and the "Western" bishops at the Council of Seleucia in 410.

• Supports

  Nestorius and Nestorianismsection on Persia

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: he excused himself from being present at Acacius's council in 484 at Seleucia , where twelve bishops were present. At this assembly, the Antiochene Christology was affirmed

Claim 47 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 418: Augustine writes to an officer that war may be waged only from necessity and only for peace.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (NPNF)

  Letter 189, to BonifaceLetter 189, heading and § 6

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Letter 189 (A.D. 418) ... Peace should be the object of your desire; war should be waged only as a necessity, and waged only that God may by it deliver men from the necessity and preserve them in peace.

• Supports · English (NPNF)

  Letter 185, to Boniface: the editor’s headingeditor’s heading to Letter 185

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: A Letter of Augustine to Boniface, who, as we learn from Epistle 220, was Tribune, and afterwards Count in Africa.

Claim 48 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: The just-war criteria that descend in part from him are still taught.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Just war theory and scapegoat mechanism: An analysis of missio Dei and social orderp. 1

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The theory of just war can be traced back as far as Cicero and Augustine

• Supports

  Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 2307 to 2317: avoiding war§ 2309

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: These are the traditional elements enumerated in what is called the "just war" doctrine.

Claim 49 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: By 426: Augustine argues with fellow Christians who doubt that the damned, or all of them, suffer forever, and gives a chapter to each form their view takes.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (NPNF)

  The City of God, Book 21, chapter 17: of those who fancy that no men shall be punished eternallyCity of God 21.17

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: I must now, I see, enter the lists of amicable controversy with those tender-hearted Christians who decline to believe that any, or that all of those whom the infallibly just Judge may pronounce worthy of the punishment of hell , shall suffer eternally

• Supports · English (NPNF)

  The City of God, Book 21, chapter 17: of those who fancy that no men shall be punished eternallyCity of God 21.18 to 21.22, chapter headings

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Of Those Who Promise Impunity from All Sins Even to Heretics, Through Virtue of Their Participation of the Body of Christ. ... Of Those Who Promise This Indulgence Not to All, But Only to Those Who Have Been Baptized as Catholics, Though Afterwards They Have Broken Out into Many Crimes and Heresies. ... Of Those Who Assert that All Catholics Who Continue in the Faith Even Though by the Depravity of Their Lives They Have Merited Hell Fire, Shall Be Saved on Account of the Foundation Of Their Faith. ... Of Those Who Fancy that the Sins Which are Intermingled with Alms-Deeds Shall Not Be Charged at the Day of Judgment.

  Chapters 17 to 22 each take one form of the view; 23 to 27 answer them.

• Supports

  The City of God, translator’s prefaceTranslator’s preface

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: It was begun the very year of Marcellinus’ death, a.d. 413, and was issued in detached portions from time to time, until its completion in the year 426.

Claim 50 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 451: Chalcedon gives Constantinople privileges equal to Rome’s, ranked next after her, and says Rome had them "because it was the royal city". The Roman legates protest.

Kind

Quotes a source. The words of a named text, checked against the source.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (NPNF, tr. Percival)

  The Council of Chalcedon: the canons, and the protest against the twenty-eighthCanon 28

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: For the Fathers rightly granted privileges to the throne of old Rome, because it was the royal city. And the One Hundred and Fifty most religious Bishops, actuated by the same consideration, gave equal privileges

• Supports · English (NPNF, tr. Percival)

  The Council of Chalcedon: the canons, and the protest against the twenty-eighthCanon 28

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: should in ecclesiastical matters also be magnified as she is, and rank next after her;

• Supports · English (NPNF, tr. Percival)

  The Council of Chalcedon: the canons, and the protest against the twenty-eighthSession XVI, Lucentius

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: whatever yesterday was done to the prejudice of the canons during our absence, we beseech your highness to command to be rescinded.

Claim 51 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 451: Chalcedon defines two natures in one person, and a substantial part of the church does not accept it.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English (NPNF, tr. Percival)

  The Council of Chalcedon: the definition of faith and the canonsDefinition of Faith

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: must be confessed to be in two natures , unconfusedly, immutably, indivisibly, inseparably [united]

• Supports · English (NPNF, tr. Percival)

  The Council of Chalcedon: the definition of faith and the canonsActs, Session I

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Dioscorus, the most reverend Archbishop of Alexandria said, I receive the of two; the two I do not receive

• Supports

  Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Centurysidebar

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: But Oriental Orthodoxy, which is considered “non-Chalcedonian,” teaches that Christ’s divine and human natures are unified, not separated.

Claim 52 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 787: A council answers sixty years of imperial edicts against images with a distinction between two Greek words, one for the reverence due an image and one for the worship due to God alone. Iconoclasm returns in 815 and ends in 843.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  IconoclasmLeo III

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Beginning in 726, he issued a number of edicts against the icons and their veneration

• Supports · English (NPNF, tr. Percival, with the Greek it prints)

  The Second Council of Nicaea: the decree on the holy imagesThe decree of 787

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: to these should be given due salutation and honourable reverence ( ἀσπασμὸν καὶ τιμητικὴν προσκύνησιν ), not indeed that true worship of faith ( λατρείαν ) which pertains alone to the divine nature

• Supports

  The End of IconoclasmLeo V

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: In 815, Emperor Leo V the Armenian (r. 813–820) ordered the icons in the churches to be placed above the reach of the faithful

• Supports

  The End of IconoclasmTheodora

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: on the first Sunday of Great Lent in that year–March 11, 843.

• Context

  Iconoclasm, in the Catholic EncyclopediaIconoclasm in the west

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: held the synod of Frankfort (794) in the presence of two papal legates

  The west did not simply take the answer either: a Frankish synod condemned the council of 787.

Claim 53 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1054: Roman legates and the Patriarch of Constantinople excommunicate each other.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Common Declaration of Pope Paul VI and the Patriarch Athenagoras Iparagraph 2

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: in 1054 resulted in the sentence of excommunication leveled against the Patriarch Michael Cerularius and two other persons by the legate of the Roman See under the leadership of Cardinal Humbertus, legates who then became the object of a similar sentence pronounced by the patriarch and the Synod of Constantinople.

• Supports

  Common Declaration of Pope Paul VI and the Patriarch Athenagoras Iparagraph 3

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: They had directed their censures against the persons concerned and not the Churches.

Claim 54 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1095: Urban II preaches at Clermont. Five accounts of the speech survive, all written later,

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Crusades, in The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 4I, the Council of Clermont

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: On 27 November, the pope himself addressed the assembled multitudes

• Supports

  Urban II: speech at the Council of Clermont, 1095, in five versions, with his letter of instructioneditor’s headnote

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The acts of the council have not been preserved, but we have five accounts of the speech of Urban which were written by men who were present and heard him.

• Supports

  Urban II: speech at the Council of Clermont, 1095, in five versions, with his letter of instructionheadnotes to the Gesta and to Balderic

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Circa 1100-1101, an anonymous writer connected with Bohemund of Antioch wrote the Gesta francorum ... He wrote in the early twelth century and his main source was the Gesta

Claim 55 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: and they disagree.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

How far they disagree is the crusades page’s reading of the five.

• Supports · English (Munro)

  Urban II: speech at the Council of Clermont, 1095, in five versions, with his letter of instructionRobert the Monk’s version

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Enter upon the road to the Holy Sepulchre; wrest that land from the wicked race, and subject it to yourselves.

  Fulcher’s version, searched for "Jerusalem", does not contain it; Robert’s centres on it.

Claim 56 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1096: Crusading bands passing through the Rhineland kill Jews before any army reaches the east. At Mainz the archbishop shelters them, and his men are the first to flee.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Solomon bar Samson: the crusaders in Mainz, May 27, 1096, tr. Jacob MarcusMarcus’s headnote

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: As they passed through Germany on their way to Jerusalem this motley crew killed thousands of "infidel" Jews in the larger cities such as Speyer, Worms, Mayence [Mainz], and Cologne.

• Supports · English (Krey 1921)

  The massacre of the Rhineland Jews, 1096: Albert of Aix and Ekkehard of AuraKrey pp. 54 to 56

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: He placed the Jews in the very spacious hall of his own house, away from the sight of Count Emico and his followers, that they might remain safe and sound in a very secure and strong place.

• Supports · English (Marcus 1938)

  Solomon bar Samson: the crusaders in Mainz, May 27, 1096, tr. Jacob Marcustext, with Marcus’s note

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The bishop's men, who had promised to help them, were the very first to flee, thus delivering the Jews into the hands of the enemy. ... [Archbishop Ruthard had been paid to remain and defend the Jews.

• Supports

  Crusades, in The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 4I

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: To save the city from plunder Alexius Comnenus ordered them to be conveyed across the Bosporus (August, 1096)

Claim 57 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1204: A crusade sacks Constantinople. The pope who called it condemns the sack in a letter the following year, and recognises the new order there.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Crusades, in The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 4V

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: On 12 April, 1204, Constantinople was carried by storm, and the next day the ruthless plundering of its churches and palaces was begun.

• Supports

  Crusades, in The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 4V

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: In his first Encyclicals he summoned all Christians to join the crusade

• Supports · English (Brundage 1962)

  Innocent III: letter to the papal legate on the sack of Constantinople, 12 July 1205the letter, and its date

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: all the Crusaders who have remained to defend Constantinople from last March to the present ... whose swords, which they were supposed to use against the pagans, are now dripping with Christian blood ... Given July 12

  Defending the city since a March after its fall puts the letter in July 1205.

• Supports

  Innocent III: letter to the papal legate on the sack of Constantinople, 12 July 1205Fordham headnote

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Innocent first recognized and then embraced the new order in Constantinople.

Claim 58 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1517: Luther writes ninety-five propositions about indulgences, and asks for a disputation.

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports · English, Works of Martin Luther vol. 1 (1915)

  Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, the Ninety-Five Thesestitle and preamble

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: DISPUTATION OF DOCTOR MARTIN LUTHER ON THE POWER AND EFFICACY OF INDULGENCES OCTOBER 31, 1517 Out of love for the truth and the desire to bring it to light, the following propositions will be discussed at Wittenberg

Claim 59 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1640s: The Westminster Confession answers a different question about scripture:

Kind

A church’s teaching. What the named tradition teaches, from its own documents. Evidence of what is taught, not proof that it is true, and not what every Christian holds.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

Held by

Reformed

• Supports · English (OPC)

  The Westminster Confession of Faith, chapter 1: of the Holy Scripture1.9 and 1.10

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · The cited passage was read, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself ... The supreme judge by which all controversies of religion are to be determined ... can be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture.

• Supports

  Confession and Catechismsintroduction

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: the Westminster Confession of Faith, Larger and Shorter Catechisms (1647)

Claim 60 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: not what kind of sentences these are, but who decides what they mean.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

The page’s contrast between Dei Verbum’s account of scripture’s truth and Westminster’s account of who interprets it.

Claim 61 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1947: A shepherd finds the first scrolls near the Dead Sea,

Kind

Historical claim. A statement about the past that historical evidence can test.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  The Dead Sea Scrolls: discovery and publicationDiscovery and publication, opening

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: only to be revealed by a young Bedouin shepherd in 1947.

Claim 62 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: and a millennium of copying goes on trial.

Kind

This page’s reading. A judgement the page makes from the evidence. Others read it differently.

Review

A judgement, not a fact. Reviewed for whether it is fairly put and follows from the checked claims. No source can confirm it.

The exploration’s image for comparing the scrolls with the medieval text.

• Context

  The Dead Sea Scrolls: an introduction to the biblical and non-biblical manuscriptsIntroduction, Biblical Manuscripts

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: the Qumran Scrolls are over a thousand years older than previously identified biblical manuscripts.

Claim 63 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1965: A council states that what happened in the passion cannot be charged against all the Jews then alive, nor against the Jews of today.

Kind

A church’s teaching. What the named tradition teaches, from its own documents. Evidence of what is taught, not proof that it is true, and not what every Christian holds.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

Held by

Catholic

• Supports

  Nostra Aetate: Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religionsheading and § 4

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: PROCLAIMED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON OCTOBER 28, 1965 ... what happened in His passion cannot be charged against all the Jews, without distinction, then alive, nor against the Jews of today.

Claim 64 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit

Claim: 1965: The sentences of 1054 are lifted, removed "both from memory and from the midst of the Church".

Kind

Quotes a source. The words of a named text, checked against the source.

Review

Source checked. The cited passage was read, and it says this.

• Supports

  Common Declaration of Pope Paul VI and the Patriarch Athenagoras Iheading and paragraph 4

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: They likewise regret and remove both from memory and from the midst of the Church the sentences of excommunication which followed these events

• Supports

  Common Declaration of Pope Paul VI and the Patriarch Athenagoras Iheading

  Cited · Link answered, 19 October 2026 · Read in full, 23 September 2026

  The source reads: Joint Catholic-Orthodox declaration, approved by Pope Paul VI and Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople (7 December 1965)

Claim 65 · checked 23 September 2026 · AI-assisted audit