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About

The more we learn, the larger the unknown appears.

Unknown Oceans exists to explore that space carefully, without pretending it is smaller than it is, and without pretending it is stranger than it is.

What this is

Unknown Oceans is 152 questions humanity has not answered, each one worked through in the same shape: what the question actually is, what the evidence establishes, where serious people disagree, what nobody knows, and which possibilities are worth taking seriously.

The ocean is the organising metaphor, and it is more than decoration. Human knowledge really does behave like a body of water: a bright, well-mapped surface, a great deal beneath it that has been sampled but not explored, and regions where we do not yet have instruments that would tell us what we were looking at.

Every exploration sits at a depth. Depth is metaphorical: a reading of how far a question is from settled understanding, not a measurement of anything.

What it isn’t

  • It is not a news site. Nothing here is designed to be urgent.
  • It is not an encyclopedia. It is organised around open questions, not around topics.
  • It is not a conspiracy site. Mystery here comes from the state of the evidence, never from withholding it.
  • It is not a place where speculation is dressed as fact. Where something is a hypothesis, it says so, in the margin, every time.

Why questions

Almost every reference work leads with a noun. *Dark matter.* *Consciousness.* *The deep sea.* A noun tells you the subject has been filed. It closes the thing it names.

A question does the opposite. “What is most of the universe made of?” is the same topic as “dark matter” and it is a completely different invitation. It tells you, accurately, that nobody has the answer, and it puts you in the same position as the people working on it.

So every exploration on this site opens with a question, and ends with more of them.

How evidence is handled

Four states, used consistently, on every passage of every exploration.

Known. Strongly supported by evidence and broadly established.
Strongly supported by evidence and broadly established.
Uncertain. Meaningful scientific, historical or philosophical disagreement remains.
Meaningful scientific, historical or philosophical disagreement remains.
Unknown. Humanity does not currently have a satisfactory answer.
Humanity does not currently have a satisfactory answer.
Possible. A hypothesis or interpretation worth examining, but not an established fact.
A hypothesis or interpretation worth examining, but not an established fact.

The distinction between these four is the point of the site. Most writing about open questions blurs them. A paragraph of established physics runs into a paragraph of speculation with nothing marking the join, and the reader is left to guess. Here the join is always marked.

Sources are listed on every exploration and numbered against the passages that rely on them. They are drawn from peer-reviewed research, scientific institutions, universities, museums and public archives. No source on this site is invented, and no link is generated without a real publication behind it. Where a claim cannot be sourced, it is not made.

Content is version-controlled in public. Corrections are welcome and treated as ordinary maintenance rather than embarrassment. Being wrong in a documented way is how the whole enterprise works.

A second dimension, in one ocean

What a passage stands on, used across the Ocean of Faith.

How settled a claim is does not say what kind of claim it is. In a subject where a manuscript, an argument among historians, a line of scripture, an inherited practice and an article of faith all appear on the same page, a reader is entitled to see which one is being made, and to read the page as only one of them if they want to.

So every passage in that ocean declares what it rests on, each question lists the kinds it actually uses, and the lens at the top of it dims everything else. Nothing is hidden and nothing is removed: a dimmed passage is still there, still linkable, and still reads in full with JavaScript off.

Evidence. Established by measurement, documents, manuscripts, archaeology or other method that can be checked, and not seriously disputed.What can be established?
Established by measurement, documents, manuscripts, archaeology or other method that can be checked, and not seriously disputed.
Scholarship. A reading or reconstruction argued among the people who work on it, where the evidence allows more than one conclusion.Where do specialists disagree?
A reading or reconstruction argued among the people who work on it, where the evidence allows more than one conclusion.
Model. A consequence of a theoretical model. Permitted by the evidence and not observed, which is a different thing from being supported by it.What does the theory predict?
A consequence of a theoretical model. Permitted by the evidence and not observed, which is a different thing from being supported by it.
The text. What the biblical texts themselves state. That a text says something is a fact about the text, and separate from whether it describes an event.What does the Bible say?
What the biblical texts themselves state. That a text says something is a fact about the text, and separate from whether it describes an event.
Tradition. Accounts carried by Christian tradition that reach beyond what the texts state or what historical method can test.What has been handed down?
Accounts carried by Christian tradition that reach beyond what the texts state or what historical method can test.
Belief. A claim of faith about God, salvation, revelation or the resurrection. Held by Christians as true; not the kind of claim historical method is able to settle either way.What does Christianity hold?
A claim of faith about God, salvation, revelation or the resurrection. Held by Christians as true; not the kind of claim historical method is able to settle either way.
Traditions differ. A point on which Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant traditions teach differently, described without picking between them.Where do Christians disagree?
A point on which Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant traditions teach differently, described without picking between them.
Open. A question no research, historical or scientific or theological, has resolved to general agreement.What is unresolved?
A question no research, historical or scientific or theological, has resolved to general agreement.

The depths

Metaphorical. Not a scale, not a measurement.

  1. SurfaceThings we understand reasonably well.
  2. ShallowsInteresting questions with substantial evidence and real uncertainty remaining.
  3. DeepMajor unanswered questions.
  4. AbyssFundamental questions where our understanding is extremely limited.
  5. UnknownQuestions where we may not even know what an answer would look like if we found one.

Where this comes from

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